JIM CORW LAWS Essay - 1524 Words

In 1865, four million Americans who were called slaves simply because they were born black, were now free with an expectation that they would enjoy all civil liberties. The post-Civil War period of Reconstruction provided freedmen with various rights, but in little over a decade, the promise of emancipation and equal rights was gone, replaced by rigid system of laws designed to keep blacks from experiencing any of their newly achieved rights, which is known as the era of Jim Crow, the American form of racial Apartheid that separated Americans into two groups: whites, the so-called superiors and blacks, the inferiors. The phase that began in 1877 was inaugurated by withdrawal of Union troops from the south that would leave the future of†¦show more content†¦Negroes were allowed to travel in common streetcars, trains and carriers with other whites. This system would take thirty to forty years to take the form racism. Besides, Jim Crow was not just a system of discrimination ba sed on race; it was a legal system, backed up by United States Supreme Court in cases such as Plessy v. Ferguson and sustained by thousands of local states and ordinances. In 1883, in the Civil Rights Cases, the Supreme Court invalidated the Civil Right Acts of 1875, which had outlawed racial discrimination by hotels, theaters, railroads, and other pubic facilities. In Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896, Supreme Court gave its approval to state laws requiring separate facilities for blacks and whites, reasoning that segregated facilities did not discriminate so long as they were ‘separate but equal.’ John Marshal Harlan, a Kentucky lawyer, objected the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson case. He believed that the decision was unconstitutional as it interfered with the â€Å"Personal Liberty† of the people; and believed racial segregation as a badge of slavery. He regretted that Supreme Court that was supposed to guarantee this right is actually denying p eople of the right. The roots of Jim Crow canShow MoreRelatedA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesfrom the Picatrix (see I.P.Couliano, Eros and Magic in the Renaissance, University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 118). The Picatrix is mentioned by Johannes Trithemius in Book 2 of his notorious Steganographia (1500) and in his Antipalus Maleficiorum (c. 1500). One copy (British Library, Sloane manuscript 3679) passed down from Simon Forman (d. 1611) to Richard Napier (d. 1634) to Elias Ashmole (d. 1692) to William Lilly (d. 1681). E.M. Butler wrongly associates it with Gio. Peccatrix, (no doubt a pseudonym)